Biography of Mary of Teck, Royal British Matriarch

Born Victoria Mary Augusta Louise Olga Pauline Claudine Agnes of Teck, Mary of Teck (May 26, 1867 – March 24, 1953) was Queen consort of England and Empress of India. As the wife of King George V, she continued the Windsor dynasty as the mother of two kings and the grandmother of a queen, while maintaining a reputation for formality and dignity. Fast Facts: Mary of Teck Full Name:  Victoria Mary Augusta Louise Olga Pauline Claudine Agnes of TeckOccupation: Queen of the United Kingdom and Empress of IndiaBorn: May 26, 1867 in Kensington Palace, London, EnglandDied: March 24, 1953 in London, EnglandParents: Francis, Duke of Teck, and  Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge, who was a granddaughter of  King George III.  Spouse: King George V (m. 1893-1936)Children: Prince Edward (later Edward VIII; 1894-1972); Prince Albert (later King George VI; 1895-1952); Mary, Princess Royal (1897-1965); Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester (1900-1974); Prince George, Duke of Kent (1902-1942); Prince John (1905-1919).Known For: A distant cousin to the royal family, Mary of Teck wed the future George V and became a queen known for dignity and strength in the face of upheaval and even war. Early Life Mary of Teck was christened Princess Victoria Mary of Teck and, although she was a royal of the Germanic state of Teck, she was born in London at Kensington Palace. She was the first cousin, once removed, of Queen Victoria. Her mother, Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge, was Victoria’s first cousin, since their fathers were brothers and both sons of King George III, and her father was Prince Francis, Duke of Teck. Mary was the first of four children, and she grew up with the nickname â€Å"May,† both as a diminutive of Mary and as a reference to the month she was born in. Mary was the only daughter in her family, and from an early age, she was brought up in a cheerful but strict fashion. Her childhood companions were her cousins, the children of Edward, then Prince of Wales. Princess Mary Adelaide was an unusually hands-on mother, but Mary and her brothers also had the best education befitting members of the royal family, even minor ones. She also accompanied her mother on charitable ventures from an early age. A Richard Speaight photograph of Princess Mary of Teck while Duchess of York, circa 1900. The LIFE Picture Collection / Getty Images Despite their royal heritage, Mary’s family was neither wealthy nor powerful. Her father came from a morganatic marriage and thus had a lower title and little to no inheritance, which resulted in him landing into a lot of debt. Because of their precarious financial situation, the family traveled throughout Europe extensively during Mary’s formative years; she became fluent in French and German as well as her native English. When they returned to London in 1885, Mary took on some secretarial duties for her mother, helping with correspondence and arranging social events. Debutante and Wife Like other women of the aristocracy and royalty, Mary of Teck was presented as a debutante at the age of eighteen in 1886. At the time, the royal family was seeking a match for Prince Albert Victor, the eldest son of the Prince of Wales and thus a future king. Queen Victoria was personally fond of Mary, and Mary had a particular advantage over any other potential brides: she was a British princess, rather than a foreign one, but she was not directly descended from Victoria, so she would not be too closely related to the prince. The couple, who were only three years apart in age, became engaged after a lengthy courtship in 1891. Unfortunately, their engagement only lasted six weeks before Albert Victor fell ill in an influenza pandemic. He died from his illness, before they had even set a wedding date, devastating Mary and the entire royal family. Albert Victor’s brother, Prince George, Duke of York, became close with Mary over their shared grief. With his brother’s death, George became second in line for the throne, and Queen Victoria still wanted Mary as a royal bride. The solution was for George to wed Mary. In 1893, he proposed and she accepted. The wedding party of the future King George V and Mary of Teck in 1893. W. D. Downey / Getty Images George and Mary wed on July 6, 1893 at St. James’ Palace. In the time since their marriage had been suggested, they had fallen very much in love. In fact, George, unlike his notoriously adulterous father and ancestors, never had a mistress. Mary thus became the Duchess of York. The couple moved to York Cottage, a relatively small royal residence for a simpler life while they could and had six children: five sons and one daughter. All of their children survived to adulthood except their youngest son John, who died from epilepsy at the age of thirteen. Mary had a reputation for being very strict and formal, but her family experienced her more playful and loving side as well. She and George were not always hands-on parents–at one point, they failed to spot that their hired nanny was abusing their oldest two sons–but their children, for the most part, had happy childhoods. As Duchess of York, Mary became the patron of the London Needlework Guild like her mother before her. When George became Prince of Wales upon Edward VII’s 1901 accession, Mary became Princess of Wales. The royal couple spent most of the next decade on tours of the empire and preparing for George’s inevitable ascent to the throne. Queen Consort On May 6, 1910, Edward VII died, and Mary’s husband took the throne as George V. She was crowned, along with him, on June 22, 1911; at that time, she dropped the â€Å"Victoria† from her name and was simply called Queen Mary. Her first years as queen were marked with minor conflict with her mother-in-law, Queen Alexandra, who still demanded precedence and withheld some jewels that were supposed to go to the reigning queen consort. Queen Mary wears the Lovers Knot Tiara in 1926, famous today as a favorite of Princess Diana and the Duchess of Cambridge.   Hulton Archive / Getty Images World War I broke out soon after George V’s accession, and Mary of Teck was at the forefront of the home war efforts. She instituted an austerity drive at the palace, rationed food, and visited servicemen in hospitals. The war era also brought a bit of controversy to the royal family. George V refused to grant asylum to his cousin, Russia’s deposed Tsar Nicholas II and his family, in part due to anti-German sentiments (the tsarina had German heritage) and in part due to fears that the Russian presence would inspire British anti-monarchical movements. The Russian royal family was murdered by the Bolsheviks in 1918. Throughout George V’s reign, Queen Mary was one of his most reliable and helpful advisors. Her extensive knowledge of history was an asset to his decision-making and his speeches. She had a reputation for stability, intelligence, and calm, which elevated her considerably as her husband’s reign was filled with upheaval across the British Empire. When the king was sick with ongoing lung problems, she cared for him. They were married for just over 25 years when George V died on January 20, 1936. His and Mary’s eldest son became Edward VIII. Queen Mother and Final Years Mary was one of the leading voices against Edward’s proposed marriage to Wallis Simpson, strongly disapproving of divorce and of Simpson’s character as a whole. Despite her love for her son, she believed he should put duty, not personal preference, first. After his abdication, she strongly supported her younger son, Albert, who became King George VI in late 1936. Her relationship with Edward was complicated: on the one hand, they seemed affectionate, on the other, he wrote after her death claiming she was cold and unfeeling always. Queen Mary (center) at her son George VIs 1937 coronation. Also pictured (L-R): Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother, Queen Elizabeth II, and Princess Margaret. Hulton-Deutsch Collection / Getty Images As the dowager queen, Mary retreated somewhat from private life but remained close with her family, taking a particular interest in her granddaughters Elizabeth and Margaret. She also spent time collecting art and jewels, especially those with a royal connection. She outlived two more of her sons when Prince George was killed in World War II and George VI died in 1952. The dowager queen lived to see her granddaughter become Queen Elizabeth II, but died before the coronation. Mary of Teck died in her sleep on March 24, 1953 and was buried in St. George’s Chapel alongside her husband. She is remembered for her formal dignity and her intelligence, although an image of her as being quite cold and removed also persists. Sources Edwards, Anne. Matriarch: Queen Mary and the House of Windsor. Hodder and Stoughton, 1984.Pope-Hennessy, James. The Quest for Queen Mary. London: Zulieka, 2018.

The Female Employer May Sue For Emotional Distress

The female employer may sue for emotional distress. Prior to suing, she must show that she filed with the federal or state EEOC. Depending on her state, she may also be required to file with her local Fair Employment Practices Agency (FEPA). The female employer could file a Workers Compensation claim. In the Supreme Court of Virginia. Ms Butler filed a workman s comp claim, Butler v. Southern States Coop. Inc., __ Va. __, 620 S.E.2d 768 (Nov. 4, 2005), stating among other things, her employer was responsible for the emotional distress when a co-worker grabbed her and tried to kiss her while conducting business duties. However Ms. Butler lost her case, with the courts stating the workers compensation law does not cover distress, due to sexual harassment. Workers Compensation is a law that compensates employees when they are injured while working. A company with three employees are less are usually exempt. The employee does not have to prove it was the fault of the employe r to receive the compensation. In workers comp claims, the employer is not able to use contributory negligence, assumption of risk, and the fellow-servant rule to their defense. Also, the injury has to be work-related. Even if the accusation of sexual harassment could not be proven, the company would not have been liable for Marwan s actions. Marwan was of a â€Å"seniority† position, which exempts Studio Five from liability regarding sexual harassment. Had Marwan been a non-supervisoryShow MoreRelatedEssay on Bus 520 Assignment 11503 Words   |  7 Pagesfollows I will argue for the use of CRA’s in the workplace. Secondly, I will present a counter argument for the use of CRA’s. Then we will then look at the ethical principles involved in the use of CRA’s. Lastly I will present another option that may be available for addresses these consensual relationships. First, let’s look at what brought about the need for CRA’s. 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Five Ways to Kill a Man Free Essays

In this very blunt poem, Edwin Brock describes five distinct eras in which death had taken place. It is also hinted how man has evolved in their methods to kill themselves. Each stanza represents a different time and place. We will write a custom essay sample on Five Ways to Kill a Man or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is ranged from the biblical era to the mid-twentieth century. Different phrases within the stanzas give away which era Brock is referring to. All of which have different meanings and a very unemotional tone to them. â€Å"And one man to hammer the nails home. † The first stanza features the phrase above. It refers to the crucifixion of Jesus Christ, when nailing a person to wood using nails to hold the victim was capital punishment. The people are assumed to be Roman, since this form of capital punishment was only practiced by this group in ancient times. The line in which â€Å"a crowd of people wearing sandals† reinforces the idea of the people being Roman. Brock suggests that in order to do something as gruesome as killing a person, all one would need was a person, some wood, as well as nails. Things become more a tad more complicated in the â€Å"war or the roses†, or the European Middle Ages when weapons come into play. â€Å"A length of steel, shaped and chased in a traditional way† applies to swords or really any type of weapon that could be used â€Å"†¦to pierce the metal cage he wears†¦Ã¢â‚¬  or armor. Brock illustrates how wars were fought for honor. â€Å"At least two flags†, is referring to two different armies, or royalties that fight against each other so that one can gain glory and celebrate their victory by having a banquet. Gas warfare in the First World War is described in the third stanza. In this time, men would blow mustard-gas, or chlorine gas, at their enemy when the wind would be blowing in the right direction. In this time, â€Å"mud ditches† were also introduced, allowing for soldiers to hide from their enemies as well as attack without being in full view. â€Å"Round hats made of steel† describes the helmets that soldiers would wear for protection. In the forth stanza, the â€Å"age of aeroplanes† describes being to dispose of the enemy by only â€Å"pressing one small switch†. This means killing by bombing, as what was done in world war two. Since bombing was practiced by he Germans, the Japanese, as well as the Americans, no one can be too sure which nation Brock is referring to, if any specifically. However, since the line â€Å"an ocean to separate you, two systems of government, a nation’s scientists, several factories† it is implied that it is referring to the attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan. This is be cause both nations used every scientist possible as well as every factory in order to find new ways to destroy one another. â€Å"A psychopath†, is mentioned in regards to Hitler. The last stanza is even broader than the last. Purposely making it to where the reader’s own opinions can take form and assume their own reasonable explanations. â€Å"Simpler, direct, and much more neat is to se he is living somewhere in the middle of the twentieth century, and leave him there. † In my own interpretation of this line, I think Brock was trying to say to us that it’s so much easier to kill a man in this day and age than it was in biblical times or the Middle Ages. Man has evolved so much in their attempt to perfect their way of killing, that all one would have to do is leave a man in this day and age and death would be able to find him. How to cite Five Ways to Kill a Man, Papers

Poetry Criticism free essay sample

Write a critical appreciation of the poem INCENDIARY by Vernon Scannell. You should comment on theme, diction, tone and structure. An incendiary is a bomb which sets things on fire, which gets across the idea that the boy was like a dangerous weapon, ready to explode at any time. This poem is about a boy who sets a farm on fire in hope that he receives the attention he has been longing for. In the first line, the poet describes the boy to have a face â€Å"like pallid cheese†. This simile is depicts the boy to look quite sick and weak. We immediately feel pity and realize that the boy is uncared for. The poet also describes the boy to have â€Å"burnt-out little eyes† implying that, with reference to fire, his eyes have died out showing that he has lost hope. The fire was huge, boiling and all-consuming, as implied in this quote: â€Å"As brazen fierce and huge, as red and gold and zany yellow. We will write a custom essay sample on Poetry Criticism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † This suggests that the fire was a multitude of colours- â€Å"red, gold and zany yellow†. It was also bold, savage and extremely big- â€Å"Brazen, fierce and huge†. The word zany also suggests it being, uncontrollable or wild. The poet shows the extent of damage caused by the fire through the quote â€Å"spoiled three thousand guineas† worth of crops. The fact that he uses â€Å"guineas† could imply that the poem was set some time ago. Scannell portrays the scene as frightening and very damaging: â€Å"Is frightening- as a fact and a metaphor†. He describes the flames as â€Å"flame-fanged tigers†. This is a metaphor in which the flames are compared to tigers; wild animals which are perceived as viscous and ferocious. These large flames are said to be â€Å"roaring hungrily†. The use of the word â€Å"hungrily† implies that the flames are consuming while the use of the word â€Å"roaring† is an onomatopoeia showing that the fire was loud. The reader no longer feels a sense of pity towards the boy because he has caused so much irreversible damage. The feeling of hostility is heightened through this quote: â€Å"And frightening too that one small boy should set the sky on fire and choke the stars†. This use of personification portrays the image of the large amount of smoke rising so high that it blocks out the stars. This could possibly be another indication of lost hope as the light of the stars is no longer visible. The poet once again tries to make us feel pity for the boy: â€Å"Such skinny limbs and such a little heart which would have been content with one small kiss had there been anyone to offer this†. This quote once again introduces the theme of neglect. His â€Å"skinny limbs† show that he is malnourished. The boy is longing for â€Å"one warm kiss† which gives the reader an idea of his motives. He is probably seeking attention, in an effort to be loved. The poem doesn’t have a particular rhyme scheme however rhyming couplets appear three times throughout the poem, one of them appearing at the end. Like this, the poet emphasises specific lines in which he may want to be particularly powerful. When a poem ends in this way after not having much rhyme throughout, it can make it more emotionally moving. Due to the lack of punctuation and the effect of the rhyming couplets that appear, the tone is quite fast which possibly indicates the short amount of time in which the farm caught fire. It may also create a lively atmosphere to bring the energy of the fire to life. In this poem, Scannell uses an exaggerated but possible example of what a child may do when he or she is uncared for. Through this he tries to show us the consequences and dangers of neglecting children and the desperate measures they may turn to.

Preferred Learning Styles free essay sample

This paper covers a variety of topics related to learning styles. The author includes auditory, visual and kinesthetic, among others. The author also covers the emergence of online learning. Introduction: What is learning? How Do People Learn? What is a Preferred Learning Style? Visual. Auditory. Kinesthetic. How to Reach Everyone. What Teachers Can Do. What employers Can Do. What students Can Do. A New Approach: Online Learning Experiences of a Cyber Team: A Critique. List of Contact Made. What We Learned as an Online Group. Teaching in the United States was traditionally frontal teaching, where the teacher would stand in front of the class and lecture with little or no interaction, and even less consideration for those students who did not learn very well from that style of teaching. In the last 20-25 years, educators have begun to pay more attention to the fact that not every student learns in the same way. We will write a custom essay sample on Preferred Learning Styles or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They have become more aware of and more responsive to the research that has been done in the area of learning and learning styles (Snyder, 2000). Learning is an interactive process, the product of student and teacher activity within a specific learning environment. These activities, which are the central elements of the learning process, show a wide variation in pattern, style and quality (Hood, 1995).

Why Marijuana over Tobacco †English Persuasive Essay

Why Marijuana over Tobacco – English Persuasive Essay Free Online Research Papers Why Marijuana over Tobacco English Persuasive Essay About 50 percent of incoming college freshmen have admitted to using marijuana. And about 40 percent of them smoke it on a regular basis. The question is why is marijuana illegal and tobacco legal? Marijuana has been known as a â€Å"gateway drug†, meaning it leads to use of other harder drugs. This is not true. It truly depends on the person whether they are going to do other drugs. People who smoke marijuana do not have a higher chance of getting addicted or even trying cocaine or heroin than non-users. Many negative facts have been told of marijuana, mostly by the tobacco industry, which are false. Why is the tobacco industry so concerned with marijuana and its negative effects? It is because the tobacco industry is trying to take some of the attention off of their product and point the finger at marijuana. Marijuana is healthier, safer, and has more medical use than tobacco does. Most illegal drugs, such as cocaine and heroin, are mixed with many different chemicals, but not marijuana. Marijuana is grown from the ground. No chemicals are added during or after the growing process, just sunlight and water is needed for the plant to grow. Once the plant reaches its peak, it is taken down and hung up to dry for a long period of time. After that it is ready to be enjoyed and smoked by its users. But in tobacco they mix in many unneeded harmful chemicals. One of these chemicals is nicotine, which is highly addictive. This is the chemical that keeps the tobacco smokers coming back for more, and more, which keeps the tobacco companies happy and well paid. You may ask, why is this chemical in tobacco? The reason is just so tobacco users cannot quit smoking when they try, but are stuck smoking until they die. Today millions of young kids, teens, and adults are addicted physically to tobacco and yet it is impossible to become physically addicted to marijuana. Physical addiction is where the body thinks it needs the nicotine to survive, so when you just stop the body is not used to not having it in your system and withdrawal symptoms may occur. When one tries to stop the use of tobacco products withdrawal symptoms may occur including rapid pulse, increased hand tremor, insomnia, nausea, physical agitations, anxiety, illusions, and seizures (Internet Mental Health). These symptoms may occur for months after stopping the use of tobacco. Also, tobacco also leaves radioactive materials in your lungs, which over time is what causes cancer (Erowid). No radioactive materials are present in marijuana smoke. The tar in marijuana smoke only contains 33% as much tar as tobacco (Erowid). Also when marijuana is smoked, it breaks down other tars in your lungs, including other marijuana and tobacco tars. Tobacco makes the lungs air passages smaller and cause them to constrict, unlike marijuana. Continuous tobacco use causes the air passage ways to eventually close up making it impossible to breath. And in the end tobacco kill you. Another negative effect of nicotine is that it causes negative effects on the heart and circulatory systems. What the nicotine does is causes the veins and arteries in your body to constrict (Erowid). This may lead to a stroke or heart attack. Tobacco use causes the body many problems. There has never been an overdose of marijuana. To overdose on marijuana you would have to smoke over a pound in an hour of high quality marijuana. That is physically impossible. This is true because the active chemical in marijuana is THC. â€Å"THC is one of the few chemicals for which there is no known toxic amount† (Lycaeum), meaning content of THC in marijuana is not high enough to cause death. Tobacco, on the other hand, can kill a person by an overdose. People have managed to overdose by using dermal patches and smoking tobacco at the same time (Erowid). Nicotine is a dangerous drug and should not be used at all. Medical marijuana has been used for years. It has been found as far back as 1,600 years ago. Marijuana was used for many different reasons. Patients suffering from glaucoma may receive marijuana to ease the pain in the eyes. For patients in chemotherapy marijuana has been used to give them their appetites back and reduce the nausea (Erwoid). People with severe headaches may also be prescribed marijuana. Marijuana can be used on patients with sleeping or eating disorders too. Yet in most states it is illegal to even prescribe marijuana. But yet in 1988 our own DEA’s administrative Judge Frances Young said, â€Å"Marijuana is one of the safest therapeutically active substances known to man.† He also said â€Å"marijuana in its natural form is far safer than many foods we commonly consume† (National Academy Press). Tobacco has no medical uses at all. Some say it relieves stress and helps reduce the appetite. Other than that, tobacco has no use of any kin d at all. Many people think that marijuana makes you less intelligent. The largest study of cannabis to date showed that they are wrong. It was proven that heavy long-term users scored slightly higher on IQ tests, had a lower illness rate, lower chance of developing cancer, and an increased life span compared to non-users (Erowid). So smoking some marijuana before a test actually will increase your ability to think. In fact, it said the cannabis smokers have been known to outlive non-smokers by up to 2 years (Erowid). We have all heard that smoking cannabis causes Cancer. Not only is this a lie but also users of marijuana have lower rates of producing lung cancer then non-users. â€Å"Not one case of lung cancer has ever been successfully linked to marijuana use† (Erowid). In 1975 researchers at the Medical College of Virginia found that cannabis can help fight against benign and malignant cancers. This proves that marijuana does not cause cancer, but it could prevent or even cure it. What about tobacco though? Tobacco does cause lung cancer. Tobacco leaves tar in the lungs that are radioactive. These radioactive materials morph over time into very harmful materials that causes cancer to be produced (Erowid). Cannabis is the number one used illegal drugs. If it is not addictive then why do people who try it come back? This is because it is safer than all the other drugs. Cannabis has been used all over the world for many reasons. The Indians smoked it at ceremonies to relax and have a good time. Where legal, doctors prescribe it to their patients for a number of different reasons. Some famous artists and musicians use marijuana on a regular basis to enhance their creativity. Others just use it because they like to relax and have fun. Nothing is wrong with smoking marijuana for any reason at all, but using tobacco is just suicide. What you have been told in the past may contradict the facts about marijuana. Smoking tobacco makes no sense and needs to be stopped. So do not just stand there in the tobacco smoke filled room and get out and smoke some marijuana. Research Papers on Why Marijuana over Tobacco - English Persuasive EssayUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyDefinition of Export QuotasGenetic EngineeringBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThe Spring and AutumnPETSTEL analysis of India

Autism 1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Autism 1 - Assignment Example Mostly, there are very many grey areas when it comes to applying ethics in corrective therapy for autistic students. The following discourse discusses the unethical nature of some of the techniques applied in schools to restrain autistic students. References are made to the video by Ross which was showcased on ABC News. The significant historical autism observation is that the disorder was unknown in ancient cultures. History has it that it impartially â€Å"appeared† approximately 65 years ago. It was observed that people with autism had difficulties in learning. In fact, such predicaments led to the establishment of Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) which was in 1975. The act was intended to foster equal educational opportunities for persons with disabilities. States within the nation have varying regulations on the techniques used to manage autistic learners. School administrators, for instance, occasionally go overboard in restraining autistic students. In the videos by ABC news titled Deadly Discipline, an insightful look at the fate of autistic students and Death at School: Parents Protest Dangerous Discipline for Autistic, Disabled Kids the fate of the students at the learning institutions is revealed (Ross). An example is Andre, a student, who is subjected to an unethical therapy because of his condition. The therapy is for his alleged misbehaviours. In brief, certain schools apply unethical means of controlling their students. For instance, they use seclusion rooms for autistic students and at times they even employ aggressive physical therapy. This is wrong and should be discouraged. Autistic learners need a conducive environment since they are normal human beings. The extreme methods currently used in schools are unethical. Skin shock therapy as seen in the case of Andre in the ABC video is unethical. It is not right to subject one to 60 volts as a therapy procedure. The video even reveals a student stuffed in a duffle

An Examination of Marketing Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

An Examination of Marketing Ethics - Essay Example The teleological, or consequences driven ethics, involve the utilitarian principle. Essentially, this means the ends justify the means. It also means someone must determine what is best for the most people, and what hurt tolerance is acceptable for the remainder. The individual perspective drives these utility decisions and perspectives more than a central decision maker can determine.  So, how do researchers use these various rules and theories to study ethics? The first controversy regards whether the ethical application is a framework or a theory. (Laczniak, 1983) There is no real consensus among marketers, so Laczniak opts to deal with these issues as framework: â€Å"a skeletal structure designed to support a perspective.† (1983) Supportive of this framework structure is a lack of empirical evidence to theorize about ethical behavior. The framework discussed will not derive ethical rules or laws, but will help marketing managers deal with decisions that have ethical imp lications. (ibid)   The consequences based ethic framework, that is, teleological, concerns four data points: perceived consequences for considered actions; probability that consequences will affect the stakeholder group; the good or bad of each consequence; and the relative importance of each group. (Hunt, 2006)  The subjective nature of these data is striking. The perceived consequences of any action are likely to be an incomplete list at best and in polar opposition to reality at worst.   Intent.  ... The Ten Commandments are largely codified in modern society. A review of ethics requires a review of certain principles and rules. The following list from Laczniak (1983): 1. The Golden Rule states ethical behavior treatment is based on how the actor would want to be treated. 2. The utilitarian principle implies ethical behavior is a result of the greatest good for the greatest number of people, and by extension, the least amount of bad. 3. Kant’s categorical imperative demands to act so that the action, under the circumstances, could be a universal ethical law or standard of behavior. 4. The professional ethic requires action that would be viewed as proper by a peer review process. 5. The TV test relies on management reflecting on a TV interview and asking â€Å"Would I be comfortable explaining to a national TV audience why I took this action?†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ The utilitarian principle implies the end is more important than the means in ethical behavior. The other rules or th eories consider behavior to be moral or immoral, and results to be less controllable by the actor. Behavior based ethics are referred to as deontological while the results or consequence theories are teleological. (Hunt & Vitell, 1986) The teleological, or consequences driven ethics, involve the utilitarian principle. Essentially, this means the ends justify the means. It also means someone must determine what is best for the most people, and what hurt tolerance is acceptable for the remainder. The individual perspective drives these utility decisions and perspectives more than a central decision maker can determine. So, how do researchers use these various rules and theories to study ethics? The first controversy regards whether the ethical application is a framework or a

Security via technology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Security via technology - Research Paper Example Public key cryptography is a combination of elaborately created procedures and standards that are meant to protect communications from being listened to or tampered with or being affected by impersonation attacks. Public key encryption enables the free distribution of public keys and only the people who have been permitted are allowed to read the data that has been subjected to encryption through this key (Oppliger, 2011). Generally sending encrypted data entails encrypting the data to be sent with the encryption key that belongs to the receiver, and upon receiving the message, the receiver will decrypt the message using his or her own private key. In comparison to the symmetric-key encryption, the public –key encryption needs a lot more processing and may not be a practical option for the encryption and decryption of large amounts of information. Nonetheless, a public key can be used to send a symmetric key that can ultimately be used in the decryption of more data, which is the method that is employed by SSL/TLS protocol. Additionally, the decryption of data that has been encrypted using a private key can be decrypted using a public key that corresponds to it although this approach is not recommended when that data to be encrypted is sensitive (Vaudenay, 2005). Nevertheless, since it implies that any person who holds the public key, which is usually made available to everyone, has the capacity to decrypt the data. However, private key encryption is still useful as it means that the private key can be employed in signing data with digital signatures, which are critical requirements in electronic commerce as well as other cryptographic applications of a commercial nature. Mozilla Firefox, as well as other client software, can employ public keys wen confirming that a message has been signed with the proper private key and that it has not be interfered with after being signed. Even though the worldwide

Strategies for a Countrys Development

Strategies for a Countrys Development Aspects that make a country develop. Abstract. The objective of this research paper is to explain how a developing country can achieving development, explaining of the three most important aspects that contribute to development such as Economy, Technology and Education. The Economy can be improving with methods like manage resources properly, focusing on production to avoid buying from other countries or how to put people in financial positions. We can see that the only way education can improve is by completely changing the current system and implementing a system where creativity is the main feature. And lastly we will talk about the use of technology that has meant throughout history, a very important tool in development. Thanks to technology have been able to meet many needs and solve many problems. If a country remains focused on solving these situations, it will succeed in achieving development. Keywords: developing country, Technology, Education, Economy, solve problems, relation. Aspects that make a country develops. Many countries are called developing countries, these countries should found solutions for situations that dont allow full development. To consider a developed country, the needs of the inhabitants must be met and they must have a good quality of life. The most part of developing countries depends of developed countries and for this reason these countries donÂÂ ´t have a good economy, because basically all their economy goes to big countries. There are many aspects that need to be taken into account in a developing country: there are not many sources of work, that there is a high index of poor people or that their income comes mostly from the services sector. (S, S, 2015). These situations are some of those that must be solved quickly to be able to demonstrate true development. To achieve these solutions these countries should focus on three of the most important aspects that will help achieve development; improving the economy, implementing a new education system or simply try to improve the current one and focusing on technological development. Economy. A developing country should focus on improving its economy and for this it must undergo various changes. One of the aspects that must be changed is knowing how to use their own resources for production, since most of these countries depend on the production of developed countries. On the other hand, it is desirable that in these countries the people who hold the financial positions are properly chosen, because in their hands is the management of money. They must be properly prepared to keep accounts because it isnt a simple family account on the contrary is managing accounts of an entire country. Another aspect that could contribute to the economic development of a country is to improve tourism. Some developing countries have unimaginable landscapes that many people would pay to observe. A clear example is Ecuador. Much of its income is attributed to tourism. In the article Tourism generated over 1,487 million dollars for Ecuador in 2014 taken of the website Andes, (2015) it is affirmed that tourism generated 1,487 million dollars in 2014; therefore, it represents a great economic potential for the country, because it is the third source of non-oil income preceded by shrimp and other services. Improving the economy is the most important aspect in which the government of a country should focus as this could make better investments in the fields of education and technology. Education. Another way to fully achieve development is to improve the education system. Often we observe in these developing countries the same obsolete system of education that is based on memorization. Unfortunately, the following quote is completely true: Doesnt matter where you go. Youd think it would be otherwise, but it isnt. At the top are mathematics and languages, then the humanities, and at the bottom are the arts (Robinson, K, nd). In the same way, we are accustomed to living with the same system, without realizing that creativity must developing from childhood and the only method to achieve this is to completely change the system. It is necessary to implement an innovative educational system whose aim is for students to develop their creativity. According to Alexandra Ossola (2014), in her article Scientists Are More Creative Than You Might Imagine all humans have innate creativity, but to observe result, creativity must be cultivated and put into practice. We must start with ourselves for improve our own education. For example in Kambwambwa there is a case of a young innovator whose story was written by Sarah Childress (2007) in her article A Young Tinkerer Builds a Windmill, Electrifying a Nation this young man built A windmill to supply electricity to his house and his village. He did not go to school. He did not go to school but he was able to build the windmill because he educated himself. He took the fact initiative and became a hero to his people thanks to that he was innovative and used his creativity and his desire to get ahead to build something new. We must understand that education is the basis of development, if a country has a good education system over time, subject will have good professionals and they will be responsible for generating new sources of work and therefore the development process will be faster. Technology. Technology is another area that potentially helps the development of a country. Thanks to this tool it has attained meet many needs. Lets start talking about the industry, technology has played a very important role in the development of the industry and production, through the creation of new machines and devices allowing to minimize production time has been achieved undermine expenses since machines replacing workforce and therefore potentially the economy increases. Second, talk about a developed country is talk about of a country that have a good economy, a good education and a good quality of life. Throughout history, we can see how the use of technology has facilitated the lives of humans, for example, the discovery of electricity permitted a great advance in the world, thanks to this invention we have light every day, Can use all the electronic devices and this allows to develop new discoveries day by day. Another way in which technology contributes to development is communication, thanks to the technology has been able to have a communication between all the countries of the world of instantaneous way. Before, to communicate with a relative on the other side of the world had to wait weeks, even months, now, thanks to the technology with just a click we can even see our family in real time through a screen. We can see that before it was almost impossible to diagnose diseases, such as cancer or simply to know if a bone was broken, now thanks to all electronic devices the diagnosis of diseases is almost immediate. The use of X-rays, blood tests or radiation has saved too many lives, and this also means development because the goal of a developed country is to improve the quality of life of its inhabitants. Conclusion. In conclusion, it is important to be clear on the aspects that a country should focus on in order to accelerate its development. A developed country is characterized because its inhabitants have a good quality of life, for this reason, improving the economy is the first step for development, because having good income will allow investing in education and technology. We must find new methods such as the correct use of resources, and how to find people prepared to carry out the financial charges. Improving education is another path to development, if students learn with a new study vision, many changes will be achieved. Implementing creativity in classrooms is the key to training professionals with new visions and creating new sources of work and opportunities for other people. Finally, the use of technology has meant a remarkable development in many respects. This tool has been able to satisfy many needs and has been able to help all industries by creating new devices and solving var ious problems. If a country begins to solve problems that do not allow it to improve its economy,education and technology, insurance can achieve full development in all areas. References: ANDES. (15 de June de 2015). Obtenido de http://www.andes.info.ec/es/node/45718 Childress, S. (12 de december de 2007). Ayoung tinkerer builds a windmill, electrifying a nation. Obtenido de http://www.msj.com/articles/SB119742696302722641 Ossola, A. (12 de november de 2014). Scientist are more creative than you might imagine. Atlantic. Robinson, K. (s.f.). Do schools kill creativity? S, S. (2015, julio 18). Key Differences. Retrieved from http://keydifferences.edu/difference-between-developed-countries-and-developing-countries.html

Incat Wave-Piercing Catamaran Essay -- Innovation Research Paper

Describe your selected innovation/invention and discuss the design practice used in its development. Use appropriate images to illustrate this section of your report. Relate your discussion to the industry standards that were being applied at the time. Did this innovation challenge existing standards? Incat’s wave piercing catamarans are an innovation of the catamaran through design and materials. The original catamaran where made to be a fast and stable two hulled boat, although on choppy seas they where unable to maintain this stability. Incat’s catamaran uses wave-piercing technology to increase the catamarans speed and stability, through the innovation of a wave-piercing center bow, Incat has never patented its center bow design, relying instead on keeping ahead of the technology in this field. The wave piercing catamaran’s centre bow, is designed so that the buoyancy in the forward portions are reduced, due to this when it is approached by a wave due to the lack of buoyancy in the forward proportions of the bow it results in the bow piercing through the water instead of riding over the top. Due to this it provides a smoother ride and reduce the boats wave making resistance that slows down the boat, The two outer hulls of the catamaran known as a SWARTH is designed to minimize the area of the hull cross-section at the oceans surface, this minimizes the surface area that wave are able to hit. This results in higher speeds and greater stability especially in rough seas. The Incat wave piercing catamaran idea began in 1983, Phil Hercus in 1984 began development of a wave-piercing catamaran. This design combined the hull design called a SWARTH (Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull) with a center bow designed by Phil Hercus... .../teamaustralia/vessels_wave_piercing_catamaran.htm [Accessed: 24 Feb 2014]. Hhpinsight.com. 2014. Incat’s LNG Ferry – ‘World’s Fastest Ship’ | HHPInsight.com. [online] Available at: http://hhpinsight.com/marine/2013/06/incats-lng-ferry-worlds-fastest-ship/ [Accessed: 24 Feb 2014]. Incat.com.au. 2014. Incat Home. [online] Available at: http://www.incat.com.au [Accessed: 24 Feb 2014]. Powerhousemuseum.com. 2014. Wave Piercing Catamaran - Australia Innovates - Powerhouse Museum. [online] Available at: http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/australia_innovates/?behaviour=view_article&Section_id=1080&article_id=10089 [Accessed: 24 Feb 2014]. Wikipedia. 2014. HSC INCAT 046. [online] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSC_INCAT_046 [Accessed: 24 Feb 2014]. Wikipedia. 2014. Swarth. [online] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swarth [Accessed: 24 Feb 2014].

Oedipus Rex vs. Hamlet

A snake, which weaves itself throughout the veins of a family, spews its fatal venom into capillaries and infecting the soul. The poison of betrayal, despair and the disease of the psyches cloud the mind in both Oedipus Rex and Hamlet. In both instances, all characters fall victim to a shattered world, ripped apart by failed expectancies. Prince Hamlet and King Oedipus both watch as their families become dismembered. There was a pattern of ideals that were violated and corrupt, progressing the plays’ actions. The helping hands which aided the unraveling of their lives were perverted concepts, everyday characteristics needed to lead a sane life. These corrupt philosophies which color the pages of these plays touch on the ideals of cursed love, crumbled loyalty, a broken family and the virtue of suffering; all of which aid in the destined doom of the characters. Love is golden, pure. It’s the saving grace which sheds light in the darkest of nights. But in our main characters’ stories, it’s part of their downfall. In both novels, love is one of the threads that are snapped. The tainted, incestuous love of Jocasta and Oedipus Rex helped to prove the prophecy true. It was essentially a mockery of what love is, for they believed it to be true but in the end what they really felt was the love of a mother to her son. Teiresias lays the first seed of their crime, crying to him, â€Å"I say thou livest with thy nearest kin in infamy, unwitting in thy shame. † As the truth unfolds and the couple begins to realize the depth of their sins, the love which they once knew morphs into an ugly, distorted perversion. It resulted in Jocasta’s suicide and Oedipus’s loss of sanity. The revolting reality that the truth posed was too much for the characters to rationalize. In the case of Hamlet, Ophelia’s rejection only added to the deep depression that already colored the Prince’s mind. Hamlet’s spurned desire caused him to alienate Ophelia, leaving him lonelier and believing that there was no one there for him. As he was contemplating suicide, he includes the â€Å"pangs of despised love† as one of the wounds that ravage his mind. Our Prince is angered by Ophelia’s rejection and unleashes his wrath on her, accusing that â€Å"God has given you one face and you make yourselves another. You jig and amble, and you lisp, you nickname God’s creatures and make your wantonness your ignorance. † His isolation and cruelty left Ophelia reeling and despairing, thus ending with the taking of her own life. Another instance of â€Å"incest† was between Claudius and Gertrude. The taboo of their relationship brought about Gertrude’s death and added to Hamlet’s reasons for avenging his father by murdering Claudius. When the cement bonds of family are crushed and ground into dirt, it could cause one to question their life, their worth. All they’ve known vanishes. Family is the stoic rock that is supposed to support you, be there for you in times of need. As Oedipus inadvertently betrays himself and his family, he spells out the demise of his blood line and all others involved. His family becomes a perversion of what a true one should be, spawned out of betrayal and sin. His realization of his broken family snaps his sanity, crying out, â€Å"Then had I never come to shed my father's blood nor climbed my mother's bed; the monstrous offspring of a womb defiled, co-mate of him who gendered me, and child. Was ever man before afflicted thus, like Oedipus? because of the God’s will, he kills his own father and sleeps with his mother. He’s fulfilling the prophecy and his destiny, committing taboos that will end up ripping apart the seams of his rational mind. The betrayal of Jocasta and Laius helped the story to progress as well. If they’d never abandoned their newborn son for death, Oedipus might have avoided ignorantly sleepi ng with his mother and carelessly murdering his father. The cursed King also broke the trust of his people. He alone was the cause of the plague that claimed so many innocent citizens of Thebes. Oedipus only wasted time and effort trying to search for the culprit when it was he who was the villain, accusing the innocent of treachery and pointing his finger at all the wrong places. The lover’s tryst between Ophelia and Hamlet could be categorized as betrayal as well as spurned love. Hamlet looked to the woman he loved for support in his dark time, but she refused him and sent him away at the advice of her father. He illustrates his sense of deception when he says, â€Å"Ay, truly, for the power of beauty will sooner transform honesty from what it is to a bawd than the force of honesty can translate beauty into his likeness. This was sometime a paradox, but now the time gives it proof. I did love you once. † The advice Ophelia received from Polonius to stop seeing Hamlet made the Prince believe that she was just a whore, playing with his emotions. The relationship of Gertrude and Polonius also created a sense of disloyalty for Hamlet. The Queen hardly endured the mourning period of her late husband before diving into bed with King Hamlet’s murderer. Hamlet formulated a distrust for women as a result of his mother’s actions, lashing out at Ophelia exclaiming, â€Å"Get thee to a nunnery. Why wouldst thou be a breeder of sinners? I am myself indifferent honest, but yet I could accuse me of such things that it were better my mother had not borne me. † Once Hamlet learned that his mother was not only sleeping with the King’s brother, but his murderer as well, the knife of disloyalty cut even deeper. Revenge then began to taint his mind with the realization of this great betrayal. But, the driving force behind the thirst for the death of Claudius came from the broken trust between brothers. As Claudius poured the venom into King Hamlet’s ear, it sealed his own death. In both Hamlet and Oedipus Rex, the drama revolves around a broken and disjointed family. Your relatives are those you trust, a net to catch you from any treacherous fall. Oedipus tears apart his family as he taints it with murder and incest, incurring his madness and his parent’s demise. He knows that because of his dark deeds, he has set a life for his daughters in which they’ll always be haunted by his actions. His knowledge of this sin makes him spurn himself, â€Å"Their father slew his father, sowed the seed where he himself was gendered, and begat these maidens at the source wherefrom he sprang. Jocasta and Laius also aided in the destruction of their family’s foundation when they tried to kill their own son. Oedipus narrates this when he claims, â€Å"No, let me be a dweller on the hills, on yonder mount Cithaeron, famed as mine, my tomb predestined for me by my sire and mother, while they lived, that I may die slain as they sought to slay me, when aliv e. † But, destiny won out and punished them for their cruelty, for the prophecy was still fulfilled. In the case of Hamlet, Claudius takes a sledgehammer to the Royal family of Denmark when he kills his own brother. This action was the spark which ignited the flame that would engulf the entire family. The Ghost of King Hamlet exposes the treachery of his brother, revealing â€Å"But know, thou noble youth, the serpent that did sting thy father’s life now wears his crown. † The loss of his father was the initiating action that commenced Hamlet’s depression and the discovery of Claudius’s role spurs him to consider murdering Claudius. When Hamlet finally avenges his father, he makes his uncle’s broken brotherhood known, â€Å"Here, thou incestuous, murderous, damned Dane, drink off this potion. Is thy union here? Follow my mother. † Another family wrecked in the play was Polonius’s family. As a conspirator to Claudius, he received his karma when Hamlet killed him. His action brought down his children as well. He convinced Ophelia to disregard Hamlet’s advances, thus incurring the Prince’s loathing for her and making her commit suicide. Claudius convinced Laertes that Hamlet was sick in the mind, dangerous, and the cause for the death of his family. The actions of the two men brought down this second family, as Polonius’s children were lured into the deceiving web of lies which they had spun. Like the venom poured into King Hamlet’s ear, another type of poison seethed into the minds of our plays’ characters. These doomed persons both endured torturous suffering of the mind and the heart. In Oedipus Rex, Jocasta couldn’t bear the knowledge of the terrible sins she had committed. In her last despairing words, she cries â€Å"O woe is thee, poor wretch! With that last word I leave thee, henceforth silent evermore. † Oedipus couldn’t stomach his own tainted self and whatever was left of his corrupted family. His plea cries for blindness, to blacken all that is sinful, â€Å"Dark, dark! The horror of darkness, like a shroud, wraps me and bears me on through mist and cloud. Ah me, ah me! What spasms athwart me shoot, what pangs of agonizing memory? † But no matter what he does, he cannot escape his sins, even as he stabs his eyes. The suffering of these characters, brought on by the knowledge of what they had committed, was the ultimate weapon which ended them. Our Prince Hamlet was inflicted with the disease of the mind, depression. It lingered in the corners of his mind, a black cloud which fostered his dark thoughts and wishes to avenge his father and all who has wronged him. Hamlet also questions the validity of living, whether it was worth it. â€Å"To be or not to be? † To live or not to live? He’s outlining his depression in that soliloquy, debating â€Å"whether ‘tis nobler in the mind to suffer the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune or to take to arms against a sea of troubles and by opposing end them. † He paints the image of his tired mind set, for â€Å"who would be the whips and scorns of time? There is also poor Ophelia, who has cracked underneath her ex-love’s cruel words. â€Å"Well, God'ield you! † She cries in her insanity, â€Å"They say the owl was a baker’s daughter. Lord, we know what we are, but know not what we may be. God be at your table. † She cries her nonsensical words, demonstrating her fragile state of mind. She ultimately becomes so haunted by the stinging words of Hamlet that she cannot bear her life any longer, thus drowning herself. Both of these characters’ sufferings gave rise to their final death. In the works of Oedipus Rex and Hamlet, the main characters all suffer a tragic end. It’s the themes that permeate the pages which causes their ultimate doom. When a chain of events are set into motion, un-foretold consequences may lurk behind. And so those consequences begin to taint the concepts that we all inherently rely on for a happy life. As human beings, we strive to attain love, to be accepted into one’s heart and to do the same. Accompanying love is the expectancy of fidelity. When Prince Hamlet witnessed the countless deceptions, he lost faith in his fellow man. Also family, in which there are ties that are stronger than ever, is expected to remain truthful and just to their relationships but this is violated in both plays. As a result, the violation of all the expected concepts brings about the plague of despair that infects one’s mind. At the realization that life isn’t living up to what they hoped for, questions of existence arise. And so these ideals of cursed love, crumbled loyalty, a broken family and the virtue of suffering all spelled out the imminent demise of our poor characters.

Time Warner Essay

Time Warner Essay Time Warner Essay Time Warner EssayIn actuality, Time Warner is one of the leading media companies in the US holding a strong position in the publishing and cable television. However, at the moment, the company undergoes considerable changes and restructuring in terms of the development of new effective marketing strategies which can help Time Warner to enhance its competitive position and provide the company with an opportunity to accelerate its business development. At this point, one of the main issues that the company faces at the moment is the merger of Time Warner Cable with Comcast, which opens wider opportunities for the further business development of the company. At the same time, the company attempts to separate its publishing business, which has become unprofitable for the company in recent years and now is one of the major causes of the slowdown of its business development. Therefore, Time Warner undergoes consistent changes aiming at the improvement of its marketing performance through r eorganisation, structural changes, separation and the merger that the company expects to lead Time Warner to the new stage in its business development and help the company to break through in the highly competitive business environment.Recently, Time Warner has announced the merger of its Time Warner Cable with Comcast, the leader of the cable television (Quain, 2). In fact, the deal will involve the sale of Time Warner Cable to Comcast. At this point, it is worth mentioning the fact that, at the moment Time Warner still consist of two major units, the publishing business and cable television unit. Time Warner Cable represents the cable television unit of the company and this unit plans to merge with Comcast. This is an important decision in the business development of the company because it opens new opportunities for the business development of the company after the merger. The merger will involve Comcast, the largest cable television company of the US, and Time Warner Cable, the second largest cable television company in the US (Quain 2). Therefore, their merger will put them in the advantageous position in the US market, while their rivals will hardly be able to reach such a market share as the merged company uniting two behemoths of the industry.In fact, consequences of the merger are apparently very attractive for both Comcast and Time Warner Cable because the new company will have about 70 million subscribers nationwide that is about 30% of the total market share in the US (Quain, 3). The consistent market expansion opens wider opportunities for Time Warner Cable after the merger because the new company will control almost a third of the US cable television market. Therefore, the company can set the pace in the industry, while its further growth and expansion will enhance the position of the new company in the market even more.In such a situation, rivals of the company turn out to be in the absolutely disadvantageous position because not a single rival of the merged company, such as Charter Communications for instance, can even challenge the position of the merged company, while outpacing it is virtually impossible, at least in a short-run perspective. The dominant position of the new company opens wider opportunities for the faster market expansion and taking even a larger share of the market. As a result, Time Warner Cable can make a breakthrough in its business development in the cable television market, in case the merger with Comcast completes successfully. This is why both companies are so interested in the merger because, instead of the fierce rivalry, they can unite their efforts to take not just the lead in the industry but to become the company dominating over the cable television industry.Furthermore, the merger apparently secures the position of the company in the market because rivals will be unable to outpace the company, unless they introduce innovations that will revolutionize the industry. At the moment, there are no such rivals of the company and Time Warner Cable can take the lead after the merger with Comcast. The company can also raise barriers to entry that will decrease the risk of the emergence of new rivals that can potentially threaten to the position in the company and tighten the competition in the industry.On the other hand, the merger may raise the problem of the possible monopolization of the cable television market by the merged company since the company will take the consistently higher share of the market compared to rivals. Moreover, in a long-run perspective the company can increase its market share even more and take dominant or monopolistic position in the market. The monopolization can occur faster, if the company continues the strategy of mergers. However, the monopolization of the market or taking the absolutely dominant position raises the risk of the violation of the anti-trust law and investigation of policies conducted by the company. Therefore, in case of unfair on unreasonable policies of the company, when it takes the dominant position in the market, the company can face the risk of the investigation of its policies under the anti-trust legislation. The company may also face the risk of lawsuits, if its policies will breach existing anti-trust regulations and legal norms. If the company sets unreasonably high price or forces customers to buy extra-products which they do not want to buy, the company is likely to face considerable problems because of the violation of the anti-trust law, as was the case of Microsoft, for instance.However, Time Warner attempts to optimize its performance not only through the merger with Comcast but also through restructuring. For instance, Time Warner Cable spinoff has actually nothing to do with Time Warner since Time Warner Cable has focused on its own development, while Time Warner is a different company now (Flint, 1). Nevertheless, neither company plan to change their name so far, unless the merger agree ment of Time Warner Cable and Comcast may require such a change (Flint, 3). At the same time, the merger is a part of the large scale plan of Time Warner to undergo consistent restructuring. The merger is one of the key elements of the restructuring which allows the company to accelerate its business development through focusing on the cable television market mainly and taking the lead in the market through the merger. This strategy is efficient because Time Warner prioritizes the most profitable part of its business and, more important, enhances its position in the market through the merger.Moreover, Time Warner is also considering the separation of its publishing business, although at the moment, the company is the largest magazine publisher in the US. Nevertheless, the company decided to separate Time Inc. last year (Team, 2). This decision complements the decision of the company to merge Time Warner Cable with Comcast. To put it more precisely, the company refuses from its publi shing business which future may be uncertain for the company and focuses on cable television market entirely. Such a shift maximizes profits and benefits of the company.At this point, it is worth mentioning the fact that the move to separate Time Inc. was, in all probability determined by the steady decline of the publishing business of the company. In such a way, the decision to separate Time Inc. from Time Warner was driven by the attempt of the company to preserve only the most prospective elements of its business and become a pure media company. In fact, this means the separation of Time Inc. from Time Warner is a strategically important step, especially in the light of the upcoming merger with Comcast. When the company has just started the procedure of separation, experts (Team 6) believed the separation was driven by pragmatic concerns of Time Warner and its attempts to save costs and attract investors due the better financial performance of the company free of the publishing business burden. What is meant here is the fact that initially, experts (Team, 6) stood on the ground that Team Warner is just trying to save costs and make its financial performance healthier. The step was quite reasonable in light of the declining publishing business which slowed down the business development of Time Warner.On the other hand, cable television was and still is profitable business for the company. More important, cable television is more attractive market for the company and the business of Time Warner in this market keeps growing (Flint, 5). This is why the refusal from the publishing business of the company allows Time Warner to focus entirely on the cable television market. At the moment, the separation of Time Inc. is not completed so far but the company has already started negotiations on the merger with Comcast and this step reveals the intention of the company to accelerate its business development through the enhancement of its position in the most profitabl e industry. Moreover, unlike publishing business, cable television is likely to keep growing in the future. This is why the company can maximize benefits from the merger and shifting its business to the cable television industry mainly.In such a context, the recent merger of Time Warner Cable is a reasonable step since after the completion of the separation of Time Inc. which is likely to be completed this year, the company will merge its more perspective unit, Time Warner Cable, with Comcast becoming one of the leaders in the industry and enhancing its position in the market. This step is strategically important for the company because it elevates the company to the new level in its business development and helps the company to take the lead in the industry and keep growing in the future since the cable television industry is growing.However the merger with Comcast is driven not only by business concerns but also by the lobbying power of Comcast which can accelerate the further bus iness development of Time Warner Cable after the merger (Shields, 3).At the moment Comcast invests abundantly into lobbying and the company has increased the number of lobbyists in the 2000s consistently. The merger with such a company opens new opportunities for Timer Warner Cable to enhance its marketing position, enter new markets and increase its market share.In such a context, there is no surprise that Charter Communications, another behemoth of the media industry, has failed to negotiate the merger with Time Warner Cable and has lost the deal to Comcast (Fung, 4). Charter Communications does not have such a strong lobby as Comcast and, therefore, cannot offer Time Warner Cable such good prospects for the further business development as Comcast does.On the other hand, the merger of Time Warner Cable and Comcast can raise substantial difficulties in face of both companies because the merger will inevitably involve the restructuring of the new company. Comcast and Time Warner Cab le have their own organizational structure and culture, while the merger will raise the problem of their mutual integration. In such a situation, the risk of conflicts within the new, merged company arises because employees working in the company may be resistant to changes or oppose to changes. As a result, the risk of the failure of the merger arises because if employees of the company resist to the change, the company may face substantial difficulties with the overall successful implementation of the change.Furthermore, the restructuring of the company may raise the problem of job cuts and loss of well-qualified professionals, who, in face of the uncertainty in their future after the merger, may just transfer to another company, where they can be absolutely certain in their future. The loss of well-qualified professionals may also create substantial difficulties which the new company will have to overcome. Therefore, the merger is not always the right choice and, in spite of the obvious certainty of Comcast and Time Warner Cable in the overall success of the merger, there are still some risks and threats which may lead to the failure of the merger. At this point, it is possible to refer to other cases when mergers have failed, such as the case of Daimler-Chrysler which was considered to be one of the most prospective and strong alliances in the automotive industry but eventually ended up into the split of the two companies.Thus, at the moment, Time Warner undergoes substantial changes. The company has initiated the separation of Time Inc. which comprises the publishing business of the company. At the same time, the company is about to merge with Comcast that means the shift of Time Warner from diverse business to the relatively narrow focus of the company on cable television business mainly. In such a situation, the refusal from the publishing business is reasonable to enhance the financial performance of the company. Moreover, the merger with Comcast will allow Time Warner Cable to take the leading position in the cable television industry that keeps growing. Therefore, the company will not only optimize its performance but also become the leader of the fast growing industry that will shift the business development of Time Warner to the new, upper level.

Free Essays on The Hudson River And PCB Pollution

The Hudson River and PCB Pollution The Hudson River and PCB Pollution The Hudson River is a body of water that stretches for 315 miles from the Adirondack Mountains to the Battery in Manhattan, reaching its deepest point of 216 feet in the Highlands near Constitution Island and West Point and reaches its widest point of 3 miles across at Havestraw. This river is one of the most beautiful and scenic of the Tri-State area. Unfortunately, it happens to be New York’s most polluted river. The river has been influenced upon since the early 1600’s, when Englishman Henry Hudson commanded the Dutch ship Half Moon on an exploration of the river, certain that he had discovered a trade route to China. It soon dawned that this was no Atlantic-to-Pacific passage but an Edenlike place of awesome potential-a river valley teeming with prospect and spirit that was worth fighting for. In the centuries that followed, the fight for the river and its commerce never stopped, and still continues to the present. Then during the Industrial Revolution, with the advent of hulking manufacturing plants on the riverbanks, everything changed. The river became a sewer, cut off from the people around it by the electrification of the railroads. The 1825 completion of the Erie Canal instantly opened trade to the Midwest by linking Troy to Buffalo and established the Hudson River as the major commerce channel for New York City. Tycoons transformed the landscape in New York and across the country with the railroad, and the Hudson River valley became a hotbed for iron mining, limestone quarrying and clear-cutting. Toward the 19th century, when dynamite blasting was reducing the face of the Palisades to rubble, conservationists became alarmed that something was being lost to progress. In 1900, New York and New Jersey established the Palisades Interstate Park Commission to preserve the cliffs from further quarrying. Although conservation efforts continued into the 20th... Free Essays on The Hudson River And PCB Pollution Free Essays on The Hudson River And PCB Pollution The Hudson River and PCB Pollution The Hudson River and PCB Pollution The Hudson River is a body of water that stretches for 315 miles from the Adirondack Mountains to the Battery in Manhattan, reaching its deepest point of 216 feet in the Highlands near Constitution Island and West Point and reaches its widest point of 3 miles across at Havestraw. This river is one of the most beautiful and scenic of the Tri-State area. Unfortunately, it happens to be New York’s most polluted river. The river has been influenced upon since the early 1600’s, when Englishman Henry Hudson commanded the Dutch ship Half Moon on an exploration of the river, certain that he had discovered a trade route to China. It soon dawned that this was no Atlantic-to-Pacific passage but an Edenlike place of awesome potential-a river valley teeming with prospect and spirit that was worth fighting for. In the centuries that followed, the fight for the river and its commerce never stopped, and still continues to the present. Then during the Industrial Revolution, with the advent of hulking manufacturing plants on the riverbanks, everything changed. The river became a sewer, cut off from the people around it by the electrification of the railroads. The 1825 completion of the Erie Canal instantly opened trade to the Midwest by linking Troy to Buffalo and established the Hudson River as the major commerce channel for New York City. Tycoons transformed the landscape in New York and across the country with the railroad, and the Hudson River valley became a hotbed for iron mining, limestone quarrying and clear-cutting. Toward the 19th century, when dynamite blasting was reducing the face of the Palisades to rubble, conservationists became alarmed that something was being lost to progress. In 1900, New York and New Jersey established the Palisades Interstate Park Commission to preserve the cliffs from further quarrying. Although conservation efforts continued into the 20th...

The Role of Environmental and Geographical Factors in the Conquest of Essay

The Role of Environmental and Geographical Factors in the Conquest of the Aztec Empire - Essay Example The Role of Environmental and Geographical Factors in the Conquest of the Aztec Empire Matthew Restall is a pioneering professor who has also discovered that history has been exaggerated in terms of how conquistadors actually captured the ancient settlement in Mexico.It becomes abundantly clear that the downfall of the Aztec empire was not merely an outcome of the conquistador’s attack, but the compounded effect of other elements such as germs and epidemics, geographical conditions such as drought, famines, modern weaponry and the deployment of steel on weapons and armor as well as the hatred people had against the ruler Montezuma. Many people believed that the victory of the conquistadors was because of their better evolution than the Aztec population. Evidence from historical accounts also tended to support this theory. The Mesoamerican people were considered to be barbarians and, while this might arise out of their rituals such as human sacrifices and cannibalism, such religious acts do not necessarily measure the enlightenment of a particular race. Jared Dia mond in â€Å"Guns, Germs, and Steel,† one of his most significant books, tried to set right such misconceptions regarding the fall of the great Aztec Empire. He professed that race and ethnicity do not determine one culture’s superiority over the other, and he used this theory to counter the general belief of how the conquistadors won. ... Diamond and Restall believe that the collapse of the Aztec Empire was a result of â€Å"Spanish germs, horses, literacy, political organization, and technology† (Diamond 28). The Aztec Empire was a flourishing civilization with its own food production methods, fertile lands, and was comprised of hard-working people including farmers. The population had evolved from hunter-gatherers and was now a full-fledged settlement backed with ample infrastructure. With the help of farming and cultivation the Aztecs were able to yield a lot of food surplus that could support non-farmers as well as women and children. Now food surplus meant more population and more population meant more risk of diseases and exposure to various types of disease causing germs. Furthermore, the population was also advanced in terms of domestication of various animals, which was again a primary source of spreading diseases. The natives spent much time with animals and further utilized animals to transport the f ood surpluses from one place to the other, which left more than sufficient chance for the germs to be transferred to humans as well as those food materials. However, throughout time, the indigenous people had developed some immunity against these germs. Despite such immunity, when the conquistadors arrived in Mesoamerica, they brought with them different germs that originated from foreign lands. These germs caused an incurable disease at the time, namely small-pox, to which the Aztecs had no resistance. Therefore, diseases caused through both indigenous germs as well as Eurasian germs resulted in the deaths of a lot of people, as there was significant contact among both exposed and unexposed individuals. Besides, this fact was evidenced by Diamond when he said that â€Å"99 percent of previously

2006 New York Housing Market Bubble Research Paper

2006 New York Housing Market Bubble - Research Paper Example Subsequently, the rapid increases lead to decreases in home values and mortgage debt charge that exceeds worth of property. Housing bubbles are usually identified after a market correction since house bubbles do not burst the way stock markets do. A housing bubble can occur when there is excess demand in housing with the supply that does not increase. There was a housing market bubble in New York that reached its climax in 2006. The housing bubble was attributed to rise in subprime lending, poor policies, poor taxation, emergence of new lenders, underwriters and mortgage brokers and credit raters. The housing bubble in New York took a period of ten years before it was realized. Because of the housing bubble in New York, the consumers, lenders and the entire economy were affected. The bubble was identified in New York by housing prices rising faster than the consumer prices, which was attributed to the increased demand for houses and a non-increasing supply side in housing (Frank, 200 9). Housing Market Bubble and New York City economy in 2006 During a housing boom, there is a substantial rise in real output as investment in houses and their related investments increases. There tends to be more jobs in the housing sector, and the investment gives out more economic output. Of course, the assets for extra housing activity have to be generated from somewhere, which means less activity for the other sectors of economy than it could have otherwise occurred. On bursting of a housing boom, new housing begins to fall, and the process is reversed. Another aspect of house pricing that affect the economy is that of household wealth effect and the related consumption. In times when house price increases, owners of houses for investments become wealthier and in the end increase their consumption spending since consumption is dependent on a person’s wealth. The wealthier an individual becomes, the more he has the willing power to consume and thus, the more he will consu me (Frank, 2009). The New York economy experienced changes due to the housing bubble. Before the market bubble came to be realized in the year 2006, the revenues related to real estates had increased tremendously, but with the housing market bubble, the revenues collected in the form of taxes from the real estates decreased drastically. The decrease in tax revenues could be attributed to the weaknesses in carrying out the housing transactions. There was a decrease in the growth of GDP since it grew at a lower level from the previous years. Private investments fell to 3.3% with a considerable increase in all sectors of private investments, but investments in inventories decreased significantly (Wiedemer, 2006). Consumer spending was highly affected by the housing bubble. As the mortgage interest rates rose, the consumption spending was decreased. However, since the interest rates rose slowly and the corresponding wealth effect was not random, the overall effect on the economy was not immediate, but took time before it could be noticed. An attempt to determine the value of houses rated NYC housing value as being 25% above the sustainable level. Usually, the reduced consumer spending may be because of the consumers not having trust in the housing investments, where they experienced a mix up of prices; price increases and price reductions. The consumers felt less wealthy after the bubble burst and they responded by cutting back spending (Wiedemer, 2006). During times of house bubbling, there were an increased number of brokers and underwriters, these made the real estate trade become easier with their role in shortening the transactions between purchasers and sellers of real

Tutor Marked Assessment 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tutor Marked Assessment 5 - Essay Example The Social Contract contains powerful arguments against authoritarian monarchy and in favour of liberal political regimes and philosophy. Rousseau s social and political concepts from the Social Contract had a limited influence upon the American War of Independence, although the ideas of Thomas Paine and John Locke had a greater impact on the American leadership. The American War of Independence was largely fought to end British control than to introduce radical or revolutionary social and political changes, it was a conservative change of power caused by disputes over taxation. The concepts of the Social Contract had the greatest influence on revolutionary France, especially ideas on equality and the general will. Revolutionary France formally abolished most of the inequalities that had existed during the Ancien Regime, its leaders seemingly well versed in the social theories of the Social Contract. Revolutionary France abolished the monarchy and the aristocracy thus making all French men legally equals if not economically so. Rousseau did not argue that women should have the same legal rights and social or economic equality as men. The Social Contract did not seek to end slavery, although the arguments put forward against absolutist monarchy could also be used in favour of abolishing slavery. The concept of equality was easily used to support liberal or even socialist policies. The French Revolution would take the means to achieve equality to extremes. Rousseau may have detested the Ancien Regime yet it is debatable if he would of supported all the policies adopted as part of the French Revolution, particularly during the reign of terror. Rousseau though realised that often to achieve republican regimes that sacrifices needed to be made, and that monarchies or authoritarian regimes would have to be violently overthrown if they did not vow to the general will of their respective subjects. Rousseau

Library System Essay Example for Free

Library System Essay In progress countries, where the Computerized Library System is a mature technology, developments are the area of resource sharing and globalization of Information Access. In such a scenario, the role of the librarian is no longer to make available the most suitable books or editorial or facts accessible within the library but to seek out the information necessary by the user from any library. The recent advancement in Information Technologies and system has become the key concerns of librarian and libraries. Libraries need to develop their resources access, analyse the need of their users and seek to develop resources to meet this needs. As a learning and knowledge organization, schools should empower their libraries to develop the appropriate tools in coping with the growing library trends and standards. The Jesus is Lord Christian School’s Library System is a Manual System, which covers manual transactions inside the library, such as borrowing, returning, and recording of the books and the registration of the new borrowers. The system will help the librarian to closely monitor the condition of the library. This system is also design to speed up every transaction inside the library. The main objective of the proposed system is to increase the efficiency and security of record keeping of the school. The system will also generate reports that are needed in monitoring the library. The proposed system is design with security to protect sensitive files from unauthorized access. Only authorized users can have an access to confidential files. The security of files is achieved through the use of Username and Password for identification and authentication of the user. The proposed Computerized Library System of Jesus is Lord Christian School will improve and speed up library transactions. 1. 0 INTRODUCTION The Computerized Library System is an Integrated System that consists of library operating components such as Cataloguing, Searching, Adding, Editing, and Deleting books and periodicals information. Each component supports a user-friendly interface that makes it extremely accessible to librarians and students alike. The software is also design with portability in mind, so that it would be available to a wide variety of computer architecture. Library is a place where the collections of books are kept. A library operates routinely with known set of customer, it also operates on expectation. When the client walks into the library, we expect that they will get the material or information that they need. The library in return, expects that the client will return the items within the specified borrowing time. As always, the role of the library and librarians is to help manage the effective delivery of library services. This has been traditionally anchored on the management of the catalogue and physical collection. Librarians are trained to be expert in Information Searching, Selecting, and Organizing. Nowadays, in a highly technological society, human productivity is made more efficient through the development of the electronic gadgets and machine. The advent of such modernization in education, one way to globalize the process of research is to appreciate that technology is advancing in a dramatic increase. Now in our modern society, technology is the most important advancement which brings necessity to progress us along to the computerized world. These make man’s life easier and more convenient. 1. 2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 1. 2. 1 General problem How to design, develop, and implement a Computerized Library System for Jesus is Lord Christian School to lessen their time in tracking of records, storage of numerous paperwork’s and manual filing of forms. 1. 2. 2 Specific Problems * The current acquisition and cataloguing process of Jesus is Lord Christian School Library is time consuming and prone to errors due to the present manual operations. * The traditional use of pen and typriter for acquisition and cataloguing are prone to erasures. * The library reports and inventory are very tedious and it takes a month to be completed because it is manually done * The library reports and inventories are said to be tedious because of manual book counting, listing of new books, and Administrative reports. * The process of lending and returning of books user consumes minutes of manpower due to the manual tracking and processing of students, employee and book records. * The Jesus is Lord Christian School Library staffs manually perform the borrowing and returning of books, and it takes several minutes to complete a single process. * Tracking of overdue books is difficult and this prolongs the returning process as well as the imposing of penalties. * The calculation and imposing of imposing of penalties as well as tracking of overdue books are manually performed, this results to lack of books monitoring 1. 3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1. 3. 1 General Objective This study aims to design, develop, and implement a Computerized Library System for Jesus is Lord Christian School that will store information and track the records of books and its borrowers, and produced library reports and inventories of the school’s library. 1. 3. 2 Specific Objectives * To produce an efficient book acquisition process this will be useful during cataloguing. * To produce a means of tracking overdue books useful in imposing penalties whenever necessary. * To produce library reports and inventories like Administrative Reports that would be available whenever needed. * To be able to monitor all borrowed and returned books. * To be able to monitor the circulation of books. * To provide a facility that will handle library transactions efficiently and accurately. 1. 4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 1. 4. 1 The Librarians A Computerized Library System is a tool that can be used by the school librarian in storing and retrieving information such as the books information and the borrower’s information in order to make every transaction faster. A Computerized Library System can have a great help for the librarian of Jesus is Lord Christian School because the number of students enrolled there increases very year thus, the job of the librarian becomes more difficult and complicated because it is very hard for them to monitor huge number of students who want to borrow books. The study will help the librarian solve the problems regarding its transactions like the computing of penalties for the delinquent borrowers and maintaining of books in the library so that the job of the librarian will be lessened. 1. 4. 2 Students and Faculty Members This study will help the students and the faculty members in borrowing books because this system will provide them a categorization system so that they can search a specific book in the library in a much convenient way. 1. 4. 3 The School Administrator Our proposed system will generate reports needed by the school admin like the list of books in the library, list of delinquent borrowers, list of new books and list of damage books. 1. 4. 4 Assistant Librarian In case of librarian is not in the library, the assistant librarian can also access the proposed system. However, there are only certain process that the assistant library can operate. 1. 5 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS The system will only focused on books and periodicals. It will not include the library budgets. The inventory of equipment and audio visual materials in order for the system to be concrete and specific. The proposed library system will not be networked in order to reduce complexity on the part of the proponent. The system will also include the File Maintenance of the books wherein they can add, edit, delete all the necessary information if needed. This will also help the librarian in the monitoring of books in the library because all the books information will be stored in a database. This will make it much easier for the librarian to update the books in the library. Back-up and Restoration of the database is also included in the system. We will provide a module that will back-up all the information in the database when the system is turn off and will restore if the main database is corrupted. In this process, the risk of losing some information in the library will be minimized. The calculation of penalties for overdue books is done with the use of an efficient books transaction process. The report generation such as readymade listings for manual book counting, listing of new books, discarded books and Administrative reports will be easily done. All of the information will be stored in the database so that the borrowing and returning of books can easily be monitored by the Librarian. The system will also provide the automatic computation of penalty for the delinquent borrowers depending on the number of days overdue, in this case the librarian does not need to compute penalty in a manual process and the possible wrong computation will be lessen. Generating of reports will also be provided by the system like the list of books in the library, list of new books, list of damaged books, and the list of delinquent borrower. The system will not include the purchasing of new books or any additional equipment in the library like desks, electric fan, chairs, book shelves and other materials. 2. 0 METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY (Software Engineering Paradigm) The Spiral Model The spiral model combines the idea of iterative development (prototyping) with the systematic, controlled aspects of the waterfall model. It allows for incremental releases of the product, or incremental refinement through each time around the spiral. The spiral model also explicitly includes risk management within software development. Identifying major risks, both technical and managerial, and determining how to lessen the risk helps keep the software development process under control. The spiral model is based on continuous refinement of key products for requirements definition and analysis, system and software design, and implementation. At each iteration around the cycle, the products are extensions of an earlier product. This model uses many of the same phases as the waterfall model, in essentially the same order, separated by planning, risk assessment, and the building of prototypes and simulations. Documents are produced when they are required, and the content reflects the information necessary at that point in the process. All documents will not be created at the beginning of the process, nor all at the end (hopefully). Like the product they define, the documents are works in progress. The idea is to have a continuous stream of products produced and available for user review. The spiral lifecycle model allows for elements of the product to be added in when they become available or known. This assures that there is no conflict with previous requirements and design. This method is consistent with approaches that have multiple software builds and releases and allows for making an orderly transition to a maintenance activity. Another positive aspect is that the spiral model forces early user involvement in the system development effort. For projects with heavy user interfacing, such as user application programs or instrument interface applications, such involvement is helpful. Starting at the center, each turn around the spiral goes through several task regions . * Determine the objectives, alternatives, and constraints on the new iteration. * Evaluate alternatives and identify and resolve risk issues. * Develop and verify the product for this iteration. * Plan the next iteration. Note that the requirements activity takes place in multiple sections and in multiple iterations, just as planning and risk analysis occur in multiple places. Final design, implementation, integration, and test occur in iteration 4. The spiral can be repeated multiple times for multiple builds. Using this method of development, some functionality can be delivered to the user faster than the waterfall method. The spiral method also helps manage risk and uncertainty by allowing multiple decision points and by explicitly admitting that all of anything cannot be known before the subsequent activity starts 3. 0 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Computerized Library System in the Philippines have integrated library system namely, UP Don Bosco Technical College (develop in house), Ateneo Professional Schools (develop in house). Thomas Jefferson Cultural Center (Date Trek), International Institute (Iunopac), Asian Development Bank (VTLS), International Rice Research integrated use micro-CDs/ISIS, INMAGIC or BIBASE to create their electronic catalogs and/or indexes and produce catalog/cards or book catalog indexes. The theological libraries also use BIBASE for their circulation system. UP Computerized Library System is develop in aiming to produce a full pledge computerized library system that supports all necessary components to suit library tasks. Each components work conjunction with each other to produce an automated library system. The team aims to provide a really good GUI for ease of access on part of the user. The proposed system will cover the monitoring of books and borrowers. Computing penalty for overdue available generating a card catalog for searching a particular books, its title, subject and author. The difference of this system to our proposed system is we will convert the current system of the said school from manual system into computerized library system for faster searching of records. The library functions of the benefits of the students, teachers as if supply the patrons with a wealth of information, found in books, periodic and electronic sources, assistance is given with teams paper’s factual information. Leisure reading materials and any other library related activities. This chapter reviews literature and studies that the researchers considered relevant to the present study. The school library is one of the most common studied division of educational institutions. Not a few specialist in the teaching enterprise have devoted their attention and focus their inquiry into the system management and problems of the library as a learning resource center. There is the only need to gear up current awareness services, but also to initiate new services with the assistance the new services technologies, so that total library operation and service can be modernized. There remains much to be done as the image of the university libraries directly linked with the quality of services it provide to its rising users of device requirements. [FEST 1994]. In completion of the study, the proponents made use of different books. They also made use of the response of the direct inquiries from interviews. These are big factors in the generation of ideas. Library classifications have been particularly defined as systematic arrangement by subjects of books and other material on shelves and catalogue and index entries and manner which is most useful for those who read or who seek definite piece of information. University of Santo Tomas can be considered as the oldest university in the country. The first seeds were planted when the founders, Fr. Miguel de Benavides and Fr. Diego Soria, donated their private collections. Through the history of the university other Dominicans contributed books that they thought were indispensable in education for the priesthood. This explains why the oldest books in the collections are related in the philosophy, theology or law. As new faculties were opened in the university books were added. All these constitute a precious collection of rare books unique in the Philippines. The library was house at the university quarters in the old city of Intramuros for three hundred years. When the university expandedits campus outside the walls, the collection were also transferred. When the main building constructed, the library was allotted of room at ground floor. Its collection increased with the opening of new courses, the library grew to occuy one whole wing of the ground floor of this building and other rooms in the different building [JOAQ 2004]. In 1985, the long waited dream of the exclusive building for the library finally materialized, and on October 29, 1989 the UST Central Library Buildings was inaugurated. [JOAQ 2004]. Until 1985 the books in the library were classified according to the old method of classification called the fixed system. In 1927, the university adopted another method classification known as the Dewey Decimal System. 4. 0 DESCRIPTION OF THE CURRENT SYSTEM The Jesus is Lord Christian School uses manual type of operation in managing library transactions. Several procedures are included in handling all the necessary information of books, students, faculty member as well as the card catalogue. Library transactions like borrowing, returning, cataloguing and reserving are being done manually by the librarian of staff. The librarian uses pen and library master card file in recording all the transactions with regards to the books concern. Usually the library card for the faculty and none teaching staff is bigger compared to that of students and it is kept inside the library. In borrowing of books the library practices open shelves policy. Most of the time the student/faculty come in the library to conduct research and reading, if the said clients wants to borrow the books, they will ask the librarian if they can borrow the books. For students, they will present their library card to the librarian, and then the librarian will record the compulsory information needed like the due date into the library card. The student will sign in the books card. On borrowing, the library practiced a one to three policy. The Students as well as The Faculty can only be allowed to borrow three books at a time. In returning, the students or even the faculty will present the books borrowed, then the librarian will look the master card file of the students and sign it. If the books is returned on its due date, the library card will be simply returned to the students. In case the book was not returned on time, the students will be charged a fine of five pesos per day. The amount of penalty depends on the number of days the student failed to return the books. In the case of faculty and staff, they will simply present the books to the librarian, then the librarian will look for the library card of the faculty and staff in the faculty and staff card file and sign on it. The faculty and staff are exempted from the penalty.